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UV Safety 101: How to Protect Your Skin All Summer Long

Introduction

Summer is synonymous with sunshine, outdoor adventures, and that coveted golden glow. However, beneath the warm sun lies an invisible threat: ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The higher the temperature, the higher the risk of exposure to UV radiation, a major contributor to premature aging, sunburn, and skin cancer. The Skin Cancer Foundation states that over 90% of nonmelanoma skin cancers are associated with UV radiation from the sun.

In this article, we are going to explore the basics of UV protection: what is UV radiation, when does sun exposure become most deadly, how to choose the right sunscreen, and how to best shield your skin this summer.

While this article spells out some important information about UV safety, we highly recommend you read the full article, here are the key points we will focus on:

Table of Contents

UV Safety

What Are UV Rays and Why Are They Harmful?

UV radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. Although we can’t touch or see them, they are powerful enough to penetrate the skin and cause havoc at the cellular level. This makes UV radiation the “invisible killer.” Studies reveal that 10-15 minutes of unprotected sun exposure during a UV Index higher than 3 may start damaging your skin.

There are two main types of UV rays that affect your skin:

  • UVA rays: Penetrate deeply and result in premature aging and long-term skin damage.
  • UVB rays: UVB rays cause sunburns and play a more significant and direct role in the etiology of skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma.

When Is UV Exposure the Most Dangerous?

UV radiation is more harmful during certain times of the day and year, such as:

  • Midday Hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.): This is when the sun is highest in the sky and UV rays are strongest, even on overcast days.
  • Late Spring to Early Fall: UV radiation is stronger during these seasons, particularly in locations with little cloud cover.
  • Reflective Surfaces: Water, sand, pavement, and snow all reflect UV radiation, increasing exposure. 
  • High Altitude: UV radiation exposure increases by approximately 10% for every 1,000 meters (about 3,280 feet) of elevation gained, as there is less atmosphere to absorb the rays.
  • Closer to the Equator: UV radiation is stronger in areas nearer the equator, where the sun’s rays hit the Earth more directly year-round.
  • Clear Days: Clouds can block some of the UV rays, but up to 80% can get through on overcast days.
  • UV Index: This is a daily forecast that indicates the strength of sunburn-producing UV radiation. A UV Index of 3 or higher warrants protective measures. You can check your local UV Index through weather apps.

How Does Sunscreen Work and What Should You Look For?

Sunscreen acts as a barrier between your skin and the harmful UV rays. It absorbs, reflects, or scatters the UV radiation before it can penetrate your skin and cause damage. However, not all sunscreens are the same. Choosing the correct one is the key to getting protection.

  • Broad-Spectrum: Bbroad-spectrum sunscreen products protect against both UVA (aging) and UVB (burning) rays.
  • SPF 30 or Higher: The American Academy of Dermatology recommends a sunscreen with SPF 30 or more. 
  • Water Resistance: Apply a water-resistant sunscreen when swimming or sweating. Reapply every 40-80 minutes as directed.
  • Mineral vs. Chemical Formulas: Mineral sunscreens (zinc oxide or titanium dioxide) sit on the skin’s surface and reflect UV rays, making them wonderful for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Chemical sunscreens (avobenzone or oxybenzone) absorb UV rays and may feel lighter on the skin.
  • Non-Comedogenic and Fragrance-Free Options: These are best for those with sensitive or acne-prone skin to avoid irritation and breakouts.

 

Using the right sunscreen every day is one of the most effective ways of avoiding sun damage.

How Much Sunscreen Should You Really Use?

Sunscreen is only effective if applied correctly, yet most people don’t use enough.

  • Use about one teaspoon for each major body area, roughly 1 ounce total (a shot glass) for full-body coverage.
  • Be sure to cover your ears, neck, feet, and scalp (if exposed).
  • Apply 15 minutes before sun exposure to give it time to activate.
  • Reapply every 2 hours, especially after swimming, sweating, or toweling off.
  • Cosmetic products with SPF often don’t provide full protection so it is important to use a dedicated sunscreen underneath.

What Other Ways Can You Protect Your Skin from the Sun?

Sunscreen works best when combined with other sun-safe habits. These additional steps can significantly lower your risk of sun damage:

  • Seek shade during peak UV hours to minimize exposure.
  • Wear protective clothing like wide-brimmed hats, long sleeves, and UPF-rated fabrics.
  • Use sunglasses with UV protection to safeguard both your eyes and surrounding skin.
  • Avoid tanning beds, which emit concentrated UV radiation and increase skin cancer risk.
  • Be cautious around reflective surfaces like water, sand, or concrete.

What Are the Signs of Sun Damage to Watch For?

Recognizing these early indicators of sun damage allows you to take action before the damage worsens.

  • Wrinkles and Fine Lines: UV radiation breaks down collagen and elastin, leading to premature aging.
  • Dark Spots or Freckles: Also called sunspots, these flat brown patches often appear in areas with frequent sun exposure.
  • Dry Skin: Chronic sun damage can change the texture of your skin, making it rough or scaly.
  • Actinic Keratoses: These precancerous lesions feel like rough patches and may be pink, red, or skin-colored.
  • New or Changing Moles: Any evolving mole or spot should be examined by a dermatologist.

How Can Bryn Mawr Dermatology Help With UV Safety?

Protecting your skin from UV damage is a year-round commitment, and Bryn Mawr Dermatology is here to support you every step of the way. Our board-certified dermatologists offer personalized care, advanced screening tools, and tailored recommendations to help you maintain healthy, radiant skin.

Whether you’re dealing with sunspots, seeking guidance on the best SPF for your skin type, or simply overdue for a skin exam, we can help you make informed decisions and take preventive action. We understand that every patient’s skin is unique, which is why we take the time to evaluate your history, lifestyle, and skincare habits before recommending treatment.

We believe UV safety starts with awareness and continues with expert care. Book your skin check or consultation today by calling (267) 486-3482or using our online booking tool. Let us help you protect and preserve your skin for years to come.

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Bryn Mawr Dermatology

Content Review Committee at Bryn Mawr Dermatology

Led by Board Certified Dermatologist, Christine Stanko, MD, FAAD, Bryn Mawr Dermatology incorporates a patient-focused outlook in every decision since we first opened our doors on the Main Line in 2005.
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By: Bryn Mawr Dermatology, Published: March 4 2024
Medically Reviewed By: Christine Stanko, MD, FAAD –March 3, 2025

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