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Melanoma vs. Other Skin Cancers: What’s the Difference?

Introduction

Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States, affecting millions each year. While many types are highly treatable when caught early, others pose a more serious risk. Melanoma, for example, makes up only about 1% of all skin cancer cases but is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Its aggressive nature and potential to spread rapidly requires an early diagnosis.

In this article, we’ll compare melanoma to other skin cancers, highlight warning signs, risk factors, and offer guidance on prevention and early detection.

While this article spells out some important information about rosacea, we highly recommend you read the full article, here are the key points we will focus on:

Table of Contents

Melanoma

What Is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer refers to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells, often triggered by cumulative damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It can develop in different layers of the skin and appear in various forms. Some types may stay localized, while others, like melanoma, can spread to other body parts. Identifying the type of skin cancer is key to determining the appropriate course of treatment and improving outcomes.

What Makes Melanoma Different from Other Skin Cancers?

The unique origin, behavior, and appearance of melanoma make it distinct from more common types of skin cancer, like basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma.

  • Cell of Origin: Melanoma starts in melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells.
  • Appearance: It often appears as a new or changing mole with uneven borders, varied colors, and asymmetry.
  • Spread: Melanoma has a higher tendency to invade nearby tissues and metastasize to other organs.
  • Treatment: Management may require surgical excision along with immunotherapy or targeted therapy, especially in advanced stages.
  • Prognosis: When caught early, melanoma is highly treatable, but delayed diagnosis can significantly impact survival outcomes.

How Common Is Melanoma Compared to Other Types?

Melanoma is less common but significantly more life-threatening than other skin cancers. The lifetime risk of developing melanoma varies by skin tone, about 1 in 33 for white individuals, 1 in 200 for Hispanic individuals, and 1 in 1,000 for Black individuals. These numbers reflect how lighter skin tones are more susceptible, but anyone can be at risk.

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequently diagnosed skin cancer, known for its slow growth and low risk of spreading.
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is more aggressive than BCC and can metastasize if not treated early.

 

However, incidence rates of melanoma have continued to rise over the past few decades.

What Are the Warning Signs of Melanoma?

The most effective way to recognize potential melanoma is by following the ABCDE rule:

  • A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t match the other.
  • B – Border: Edges are irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred.
  • C – Color: Multiple colors or uneven distribution of shades like brown, black, red, or white.
  • D – Diameter: Larger than 6mm, though melanomas can be smaller.
  • E – Evolving: Any change in size, shape, color, elevation, or new symptoms like bleeding or itching.

 

Regularly checking your skin and knowing what’s normal for you can help detect melanoma before it becomes more serious.

Who Is Most at Risk for Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers?

Certain individuals face a significantly higher risk due to genetics, lifestyle, or environmental exposure. Recognizing these risk factors can help you take proactive steps toward prevention:

  • Fair Skin Tone: Less melanin offers reduced natural UV protection.
  • Sun Exposure: A history of frequent or intense sun exposure, especially without protection, increases your risk.
  • Tanning Beds: Artificial UV light is a known contributor to melanoma, particularly in younger individuals.
  • Family or Personal History: A previous diagnosis or a close relative with skin cancer raises your likelihood of developing it.
  • Multiple or Atypical Moles: Having many moles or irregular ones can increase melanoma risk.
  • Weakened Immune System: People with suppressed immunity, whether due to medical treatments or conditions, are more vulnerable.

How Are Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers Treated?

The treatment approach for skin cancer depends on the type, location, size, and stage. The following are some of the ways skin cancers are treated:

  • Surgical Excision: Most skin cancers are removed surgically by cutting out the tumor to ensure complete removal.
  • Mohs Surgery: Often used in sensitive or high-risk areas, Mohs surgery involves removing cancerous layers one at a time and examining each under a microscope until all cancer cells are gone.
  • Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy helps stimulate the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively.
  • Radiation Therapy: In cases where surgery isn’t an option, targeted radiation may be used to destroy cancer cells.
  • Topical Treatments: Prescription creams may be effective for early-stage skin cancers or precancerous conditions like actinic keratosis.
  • Targeted Therapy: For melanomas with certain genetic mutations, targeted medications can block cancer cell growth and spread.

How Can You Protect Yourself from All Types of Skin Cancer?

Not all skin cancers are preventable. However, there are proven steps you can take to reduce your risk significantly.

  • Use Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen: Apply SPF 30 or higher daily, even on cloudy days. Choose a formula that protects against both UVA and UVB rays.
  • Avoid Peak Sun Hours: Limit direct sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
  • Wear Protective Clothing: Wear wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and clothing with UPF (ultraviolet protection factor) outdoors.
  • Avoid Tanning Beds: Artificial UV radiation is a known carcinogen and can significantly increase your risk of melanoma.
  • Perform Regular Skin Self-Exams: Look for new or changing moles, spots, or lesions on your skin and report any concerns to a dermatologist.
  • Schedule Annual Skin Checks: Professional exams can catch early changes you might overlook and ensure long-term skin health.

How Can Bryn Mawr Dermatology Help With Skin Cancer?

At Bryn Mawr Dermatology, we are committed to helping you stay proactive about your skin health. Whether you’re due for a routine skin check or concerned about a changing mole, our board-certified dermatologists provide thorough evaluations and customized care plans based on your unique risk factors and skin type.

With convenient locations in Villanova, Collegeville, and Chesterbrook, PA, our team uses advanced diagnostic tools and evidence-based treatments to detect and manage skin cancers in their earliest stages. We take the time to educate our patients and ensure they feel comfortable and informed every step of the way.

Don’t wait for symptoms to appear. Schedule your annual skin exam or call us at (484) 202-0438 to take a proactive step toward protecting your skin. Early detection saves lives!

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Bryn Mawr Dermatology

Content Review Committee at Bryn Mawr Dermatology

Led by Board Certified Dermatologist, Christine Stanko, MD, FAAD, Bryn Mawr Dermatology incorporates a patient-focused outlook in every decision since we first opened our doors on the Main Line in 2005.
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By: Bryn Mawr Dermatology, Published: March 4 2024
Medically Reviewed By: Christine Stanko, MD, FAAD –March 3, 2025

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